Introduction

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is often misunderstood and unfortunately, just as often trivialised. Many people may casually say, “I’m a bit OCD” when referring to a preference for tidiness or organisation, but this perception diminishes the reality of OCD as a serious mental health condition. OCD involves debilitating obsessions and compulsions that can interfere with a person’s daily life, relationships, and overall well-being.

This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of what OCD really is, the different ways it manifests, and how it is treated. By the end of this post, we hope to offer clarity on the condition, particularly for those who might not know much about it, and correct some of the common misunderstandings associated with the disorder.

What Is OCD?

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition where individuals experience recurring, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) that trigger intense urges to perform specific actions (compulsions). These compulsions are performed in an effort to alleviate the anxiety caused by the obsessions, but the relief is often short-lived. 

For example, someone with ‘contamination OCD’ (more on this shortly) might wash their hands repeatedly after touching a doorknob, fearing they have been exposed to harmful germs. Although washing their hands might provide temporary relief, the fear quickly returns, compelling them to wash again and again, sometimes for hours.

OCD can affect anyone, regardless of age or background, and it is far from a “quirky” or “neat” personality trait that some people think it to be.

Unlike the common misconception that OCD is just about being overly tidy or organised, it is a much deeper and more troubling condition. People with OCD can spend hours dealing with intrusive thoughts, seeking temporary relief through repetitive actions that disrupt their lives.

How Does OCD Manifest?

OCD manifests in many different ways, and it is not the same for everyone. Below are some common types of OCD:

1. Intrusive Thoughts and Ruminations: People with OCD may suffer from persistent, disturbing thoughts—often violent or inappropriate—that they cannot shake. These are not just fleeting worries but obsessions that dominate their mind.
   
   For example, intrusive thoughts might involve a fear of harming oneself or a loved one, or persistent worries about accidentally causing harm to others. These thoughts often lead to compulsive mental “rituals” aimed at neutralising the anxiety.
   
   Rumination, another form of compulsion, involves obsessively thinking about a question or issue to the point where it interferes with one’s daily life.

2. Checking: This type of OCD involves a compulsive need to check things repeatedly to prevent something bad from happening.
   
   For instance, someone might check locks, appliances, or emails over and over again, fearing that if they don’t, a disaster will occur, such as a break-in or accidentally offending someone. These actions are driven by an intense need to feel safe or avoid a mistake.

3. Contamination or Mental Contamination: In contamination OCD, individuals are consumed by fears of being dirty or contaminated by germs. This can lead to excessive cleaning, handwashing, or avoiding situations where they fear contamination.
   
   Mental contamination, a lesser-known form, involves feeling “contaminated” after a negative experience, such as being insulted. In both cases, individuals perform rituals to alleviate the distress, like scrubbing their skin until it’s raw.

4. Symmetry and Orderliness: People with this type of OCD feel compelled to arrange objects in a specific way or in perfect alignment. It isn’t just about aesthetics; they often believe that if things aren’t “just right,” something terrible will happen. The desire for symmetry isn’t enjoyable for them—it’s stressful, with no lasting relief from compulsions.

Pure OCD (Pure O): A Deeper Dive

While most people associate OCD with outward compulsions like handwashing or door-checking, there is a subtype known as “Pure O,” where the compulsions take place solely in the mind. Individuals with Pure O are plagued by intense, distressing thoughts, often about taboo subjects like violence or inappropriate sexual behaviour, and are convinced they are terrible people for having them.

These intrusive thoughts can be so debilitating that sufferers isolate themselves, fearing they might act on these thoughts, even though they have no desire to do so. The compulsion in Pure O is mental—it’s the obsessive questioning, reassurance-seeking, and analysing these thoughts over and over again, which reinforces the anxiety.

One of the most insidious parts of Pure O is the positive feedback loop that is present. The persistent intrusive thoughts, leads to rumination or an out of control obsession with the intrusive thought. The rumination strengthens the intrusive thoughts power and persistence. This can then lead to conditions like insomnia. Once a lack of sleep is introduced, OCD can become dangerous.

The nature of this cycle is so internal, individuals who are suffering tend to keep it to themselves. There can be a lot of shame involved with the thoughts they’re experiencing and so sharing their experience can be difficult. Ultimately, when this positive feedback loop is left to amplify, it can end with the most extreme thoughts and can put the individual at risk of harming themselves, or worse.

What Is Rumination in OCD?

Dr. Michael J. Greenberg emphasises that rumination is a critical aspect of OCD, often misunderstood. Rumination refers to the process of engaging mentally with a troubling thought, trying to analyse, solve, or neutralise it. Unlike thoughts that just “occur,” rumination is an active, deliberate process of trying to make sense of the obsession.

For example, if someone with OCD has an intrusive thought about hurting someone, they might spend hours analysing whether they would actually do such a thing, checking their memories, or monitoring their feelings for signs of danger. This mental engagement, however, worsens the condition, locking the person into a cycle of obsession and compulsion.

The Core Fear Model in OCD

One of the key concepts in understanding OCD is the “Core Fear.” This is the root fear that drives a person’s obsessive-compulsive symptoms. For most people, their Core Fear revolves around making a mistake that could lead to permanent emotional pain or loss. OCD sufferers will avoid actions or situations that might trigger this Core Fear and will engage in compulsions to protect themselves from experiencing it.

Over time, this intense need to avoid emotional distress leads to a feeling of powerlessness, as the compulsions take on a life of their own, making the person feel trapped in their OCD.

What Causes OCD?

There is no single cause for OCD, but research suggests that a combination of genetic, neurological, and environmental factors play a role. Genetic predisposition plays a significant part, with studies indicating that individuals with a family history of anxiety disorders or OCD are at a higher risk of developing the condition. 

Neurological factors also contribute, particularly imbalances in brain chemicals like serotonin, which can affect mood and anxiety regulation. Additionally, structural and functional differences in certain brain regions, such as the orbitofrontal cortex and basal ganglia, have been observed in individuals with OCD, further linking biological aspects to the disorder. 

On the environmental side, past traumatic or stressful events, such as abuse, illness, or major life changes, can trigger or exacerbate symptoms in those already biologically predisposed. Early childhood experiences and chronic stress are also thought to play a role in the development of obsessive-compulsive behaviours.

Treating OCD: A Path to Recovery

OCD is a treatable condition. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), particularly a form known as Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), has shown great success in reducing OCD symptoms. 

ERP works by exposing individuals to their obsessive thoughts or fears without allowing them to perform their compulsions. Over time, the anxiety associated with the obsessions diminishes, leading to a reduction in compulsive behaviours. 

However, this process can initially be met with a great deal of resistance. The discomfort and heightened anxiety that arise from being unable to reassure oneself or engage in compulsive behaviour can be overwhelming.

Because of this, ERP can feel particularly challenging and even distressing for those going through it. It is highly recommended that ERP be undertaken under the guidance of a trained professional, such as a licensed therapist, who can provide the necessary support, structure, and gradual exposure needed to ensure safety and success. 

Despite the potential difficulty, ERP remains one of the most effective treatments currently known for OCD, offering individuals the chance to regain control over their lives.

In severe cases, medication such as selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may be prescribed to help manage the symptoms, but therapy is considered the most effective long-term solution.

Dispelling the Myths About OCD

It’s crucial to recognise that OCD is not a “quirky” behaviour or something that makes people “neat freaks.” It is a mental health condition that can be debilitating and should not be trivialised. Having your books neatly organised doesn’t mean you have OCD—obsessions and compulsions interfere with a person’s ability to function and can cause immense psychological distress.

Conclusion

OCD is a complex mental health condition that goes beyond simple cleanliness or orderliness. It is characterised by relentless obsessions and compulsions that can dominate a person’s life. By understanding the different ways OCD can manifest and the seriousness of the disorder, we can better support those who suffer from it.

If you or someone you know is struggling with OCD, it’s essential to seek help from a qualified mental health professional. Treatment can help reduce the impact of OCD and improve overall quality of life.

Steve Stock Fest was a Hit!

Our residents recently enjoyed Steve Stock Fest. It was one of our biggest in-house events, with a fantastic turnout enjoying music, BBQ food, and a Hawaiian twist. MB did an excellent job as BBQ pit master.

Special thanks to Dionne for organising and SD for providing great music. SD has been enjoying making music with the support of Mark in the evenings.

Employees of the Quarter

David Dibble, our night support worker, won Employee of the Quarter for his long service, excellent attendance, and deep knowledge of Bellwave House. David remains a highly valued team member, so congratulations and thank you, David on this well-deserved recognition!

And Congratulations Trevor our Employee of the Month for the Dom Care Division. Thank you for your awesome contributions to our wonderful team.

Staff Spotlight

Bellwave Apartments

We are excited to welcome Kelsea Rees as the new Home Lead for Apartments 2. Kelsea is eager to get started and is looking forward to working with the team and the residents.

Special recognition to Mark Williams and Emily Middleton, who have been with us for over four months and have already become valuable members of our staff team.

Latest Home News:

Bellwave House

Bellwave House recently hosted Serendipity’s regular quiz, where our resident quiz master, Dan Ring, did a stellar job leading the fun. This weekly quiz has become a favourite for both residents and staff, bringing everyone together for some lighthearted competition and laughs.

This summer has been full of memorable outings. Residents enjoyed a day at Folly Farm, joining others from nearby services, and we all had a blast at ‘Stevefest,’ a fantastic festival organised by Bellwave Apartments. The event was a huge success, filled with music, sunshine, great food, and lots of laughter—credit to the team for making it such a special afternoon.

In Residents’ Corner, we’re excited to welcome a new resident to Bellwave House. He has transitioned from a locked placement to a less secure setting, gaining more independence.

Originally from the area, he feels like he’s come home and has settled in wonderfully. He enjoys daily outings for a cooked breakfast, visits from family and friends, and is truly happy in his new home.

Bellwave Drive

August has been packed with fun-filledAugust was full of fun activities that our residents loved.

On the 1st, everyone at Bellwave Drive enjoyed a day trip to Folly Farm, where we met up with other residents. We had a blast seeing the animals, playing arcade games, and AE even enjoyed the Penguin Gender reveals.

JEP has been preparing for college, practicing his bus routes with staff. His confidence has grown, and he’ll be starting a Music course in September. He recently traveled independently to Port Talbot to visit his family, a big step for him, after carefully planning his journey with staff.

In-house quiz afternoons at Bellwave House have been a hit, with our own PM winning a quiz this month, making him very proud.

SteveFest was another highlight, where residents supported SD in the apartments.

SD played guitar, Home Lead Hayley sang, and JEP joined in with a few songs. Everyone enjoyed singing, dancing, and the BBQ food—a day of music and fun.

Bellwave Cottage

Residents at the Cottage have been enjoying the recent better weather. MB had a wonderful birthday, filled with well-wishes, cards, gifts, meals, and visits from his family. The celebrations continued with Steve Fest, a fantastic day of music and a BBQ, where MB and Matt took charge as chefs. It was a great social event for everyone who attended.

The kitchen at the Cottage is now complete, and what a difference it has made! The residents love it and are excited to do more cooking. Next up, a new bathroom!

Bellwave Corner

We’ve been keeping busy at Bellwave Corner!

JK and MF had a great time at Folly Farm, with MF loving the giraffes and JK enjoying the fair rides. JK is also proud of painting his bedroom.

Both JK and MF enjoyed their visit to Techniquest in Cardiff, especially the giant plasma ball. MF has been gearing up for a new hobby—fishing—and is excited about it.

NW and MF have been putting their minds to work during the Wednesday quiz afternoons at Bellwave House. The trio also had fun playing pool and darts at The Marine in Porthcawl, a nice change from The Brogen.

They took in the beautiful scenery at Ogmore Castle, with JK particularly enjoying the stepping stones on the river. Everyone at the Corner is excited about today’s trip to Margam Park, and JK is looking forward to quad biking tomorrow.

Bellwave Apartments 1

Residents had a great time hosting “Steve Fest” in the Apartment 1 garden, socialising with residents from other projects while enjoying the sun and BBQ. They also enjoyed shopping for accessories for their newly decorated bedrooms and took part in nature walks and visits to charity shops in the community.

Ellie Clark, our support worker, has left to pursue a new career in domiciliary care. Meanwhile, VJ and staff visited Llantrisant to kick off their Christmas shopping.

Bellwave Apartments 2

The staff and residents of Apartments 2 want to thank everyone who attended Steve Fest this month. It was one of our biggest events in recent times, with many people enjoying the music, BBQ, and festive Hawaiian twist.

A special thank you to Dionne for organising the event and sourcing the Hawaiian items, and to SD for providing great music, including his original songs. MB deserves a big thanks for being our chief BBQ pit master, ensuring everyone was well fed.

SD has been enjoying making music with Mark’s support and has started uploading his songs to YouTube. ND continues to enjoy his evening reading sessions with staff and is excitedly planning a trip to Manchester to visit his beloved Manchester United.

Serendipity’s CIW Audit results 

Our first audit with the new rating system went very well, with our results being Excellent for Well-being, Care and Support and Leadership and Management and Good for Environment. We have taken recommendations from CIW in order to improve the environment as best we can with the type of property we have. We are hoping that the changes we make will help push our ratings up over the next 12 months. 

Employee of the Quarter 

We had many strong candidates in the running for this quarter’s Employee of the Quarter award. After careful consideration, we are thrilled to announce Charlotte Griffin from Apartments 2 (Upstairs) as the winner for supported living. Charlotte has shown outstanding leadership and dedication, especially during her week of managing the day-to-day operations of Apartments 1 and 2. Congratulations, Charlotte, on this well-deserved recognition! 

Staff Spotlight 

Support Worker Mark Williams has been nominated for the Mental Health and Wellbeing Wales Award in the Inspiring Individual category. Mark is a passionate advocate for mental health and has done exceptional work in this area. We are incredibly proud of his welldeserved nomination. We’re happy to welcome back Rio Morgan, who has returned to Bellwave House as a day support worker after working nights at Bellwave Drive. Rio has quickly settled back into the team. 

Latest Home News 

Bellwave House 

Residents of Bellwave House have been enjoying their usual activities, including pool, wellbeing groups, choir, and litter picking. When the weather wasn’t ideal, a board games day was organised, providing some indoor fun. On sunnier days, everyone gathered for a barbecue, making the most of the good weather. Residents have also participated in bracelet making at other services and attended a community picnic in Bridgend with residents from nearby schemes. Bellwave House has recently undergone some improvements, including a complete revamp of the COSHH cupboard and the installation of a brand new cooker and fridge/freezer, enhancing the facilities for everyone. In other news, resident GB recently won the resident pool tournament. Another resident, AD, took a significant step towards independence by purchasing his first mobile phone, enabling him to explore the community on his own. This is a major milestone for AD, who has spent much of his adult life in secure hospitals. 

Bellwave Drive 

At Bellwave Drive, we warmly welcome our new resident DW, who has been settling in well and getting along with everyone. DW has already joined in on group activities and enjoyed a Sunday lunch prepared by coresident AE. This month, Bellwave Drive celebrated National Picnic Day by gathering snacks and heading to Newbridge Fields in Bridgend for an afternoon of fun and games. Residents have also been attending the weekly pool tournament, making the most of these social events. 

Bellwave Apartments 1 

We’ve welcomed Nadine Stevenson to Apartment 1 from Bellwave Corner as our new Senior Support Worker. Nadine brings a wealth of experience, and we’re excited to see her contributions. Victoria Hanman, who recently completed her BSc (Hons) in Psychology, has passed with an impressive 2.1. Well done, Victoria! VJ has enjoyed local walks, time in the garden, and outings like a group visit to Folly Farm and a meal at the Royal Oak in Porthcawl. JVY has started personalising his bedroom and took a big step by catching the bus to Asda for shopping.

Bellwave Apartments 2 

Dionne, our ever-optimistic and enthusiastic activity coordinator, continues to lead by example in the upstairs apartments. She excels at organising activities, collaborating with residents and other homes to create engaging experiences. Dionne has been instrumental in planning and executing events, like a recent meal out for residents and staff. This outing was such a success that residents have requested it become a monthly tradition. SD and the staff enjoyed attending the BBQ and quiz at Bellwave House, with special thanks to Dan, the quiz master, for making the event memorable. SD is also looking forward to joining the Men’s Sheds in Bridgend, where he hopes to engage in carpentry and other creative projects. Staff have supported him in joining the waiting list, and SD is eager to become a member. ND, with the support of Mark Williams, has rekindled his love for reading, and they now spend evenings enjoying books together. Meanwhile, Apartments 2 has successfully selected a new home lead, who is excited to begin her training and induction in the coming weeks 

Bellwave Corner 

MF and JK enjoyed the airshow and minigolf at Aberavon Beach, where JK impressed with his golf skills. We hosted a pizza party at the corner on July 23 with everyone making their own pizzas and cooking them in the garden’s pizza oven. MF proudly received a Slimming World certificate after losing one stone and has now assembled an exercise bike with staff, eager to start using it. NL went shopping at Sports Direct for new clothes and shoes, preparing for his upcoming holiday to New York in October. NW has enjoyed walks at Porthcawl Beach and Newbridge Fields, and he impressed staff with his quick math-solving skills at Bellwave Corner. 

Bellwave Cottage 

The kitchen renovation is nearly finished and looks fantastic. The residents have coped well with the disruption. MB continues to make great progress with his weight loss, recently shedding one and a half stone. His success at the slimming club has also inspired fellow resident TM to join. Everyone has been taking advantage of the good weather, enjoying activities like watching the fireworks at the Hi Tide, taking seafront walks, and having a curry meal at the Corner.

Serendipity’s New Core Values!

Thank you to everyone who attended our third Staff Forum. With your help, we have created a new company vision and mission statement and selected five new core values. We believe these values will maintain and enhance our company’s great culture and support its growth.

New Activity Coordinators

We congratulate Dionne Parry on becoming the new Activity Coordinator for the Upstairs Apartments. Dionne’s optimism and creativity shine as she excels in developing new and existing activities.

She led the book festival/tea party, ensuring its success with her leadership. We also congratulate Elisabeth James on becoming our Activities Coordinator at Bellwave Drive.

Elisabeth enjoys engaging in activities with our residents, and we believe this role will allow her to support residents in their favourite activities

Staff Spotlight

At Bellwave Drive, we are delighted to welcome Annemarie Osgood as our new Senior Support Worker. Annemarie has already made a positive impact, showing great initiative and dedication to our residents. She has been warmly welcomed by the team, and we all look forward to working with her.

Bellwave House

Bellwave House warmly welcomed new resident PB from Taith Newydd, stepping down to a less restrictive environment. PB is settling in well, getting accustomed to other residents, staff, and the surroundings. We wish PB every success in his new home.

Julie, our activity coordinator and resident chef, organised a delightful BBQ, inviting residents from other services. Everyone enjoyed the sunshine and delicious food, making it a memorable day for all. In addition to our regular activities like choir, pool, and gardening, residents celebrated Pride with our friends at Bellwave Corner.

Furthermore, residents have been enjoying various outings and activities. Some went on a shopping trip to Cardiff, with resident GB purchasing new furniture and a 65-inch TV for his room. We also celebrated Mental Health Awareness Week with a trip to Porthcawl Beach, where staff and residents enjoyed football, ball games, beautiful weather, and ice cream.

Bellwave Drive

Our new resident JEP has settled in and purchased all new furniture for his room. Staff have been assisting him with building and arranging his furniture. JEP is happy with his new items and looks forward to feeling even more at home.

AE has started volunteering at Cats Protection in Bridgend, where she enjoys being around the cats and helping with feeding and cleaning. Her love for animals makes this role especially fulfilling.

PM has made significant progress by traveling to his appointments independently by bus. He is proud of his achievement and plans to buy a phone to stay in contact with the house when accessing the community for other activities.

Bellwave Apartments 1

This month at the Apartments, resident VJ has enjoyed local walks with staff, visiting the Waun in Kenfig Hill and strolling along Newton Beach. She also decorated her own fairy door to place on a tree at the Waun, joining the others already there.

Additionally, VJ has enjoyed swimming outings with staff. Night staff Naomi brought in some African food for the residents to try, and DC particularly enjoyed it. DC also loves pamper sessions at the Apartments, where she gets her nails painted and makeup applied!

Bellwave Apartments 2

It has been a busy month in the Apartments in June. After months of planning, the apartments have separated into Bellwave Apartments 1 (Downstairs) and Bellwave Apartments 2 (Upstairs). Katie Bethall remains the Home Lead for the downstairs Apartments, and Matthew continues as the Home Lead for upstairs, but we are in the process of recruiting a new lead for the upstairs apartments.

Bellwave Apartments 2 welcomed DW, who successfully transitioned from our Residential Care home in Mary Street, Porthcawl, to our Supported Living Home, Bellwave Apartments. DW is settling in well, making new friends with peers ND and SD. The existing residents have spent time making DW feel welcomed, watching films, showing him the local area, and joining group activities like pool tournaments and the Bellwave Choir group.

Residents and staff continue to enjoy local nature walks and amenities that Kenfig Hill offers. They attended the Pride event at Bellwave Corner, and DW visited Bridgend College to explore courses he might enjoy. Steve continues to volunteer at Theo’s in Kenfig Hill every Friday and Saturday.

Bellwave Corner

We celebrated Pride with a themed BBQ. The weather was lovely, and everyone enjoyed colourful flags, bracelet making, and stick-on Pride tattoos. MF managed the BBQ and kept us well-fed. Speaking of tattoos, MF got a new chest tattoo from Ginty’s Tattoo Parlour in Kenfig Hill and is very proud of it. JK had an adventure quad biking in Neath, riding across mountains and getting muddy in puddles.

NW enjoyed a shopping trip to McArthur Glen, treating himself to new clothes. Watch out on the road as IW has been enjoying driving his own car. Staff have held on for dear life while he drives to the local shops. He has also had the tires changed and topped up the screenwash.

Bellwave Cottage

Residents are excited about the new kitchen being fitted despite some disruption. They continue their routines, enjoying retail therapy at the Pines. MB bought new trainers, while TM and PW window shopped.

MB celebrated losing his first stone on his weight loss journey, and he helped prepare and enjoyed a recent BBQ at Bellwave House, socialising with friends

Introduction

Bipolar disorder is a complex and often misunderstood mental health condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Characterised by extreme mood swings, from deep depression to manic highs, it can significantly impact an individual’s daily life and relationships. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of bipolar disorder, including its symptoms, causes, treatments, and personal experiences from those living with the condition.

What is Bipolar Disorder?

Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic depression, is a severe mental illness characterised by extreme mood swings and changes in energy levels. People with bipolar disorder can experience periods of stability but can also swing to extremes, either going ‘low’ into deep depression or ‘high’ into hypomania, mania, or even psychosis. These mood swings go far beyond the everyday experiences of feeling a bit down or happy.

Bipolar UK uses a Mood Scale to help explain these extremes, where 0 represents deep depression (suicidal ideation) and 10 represents extreme mania with psychosis. While people without bipolar disorder typically experience moods that range between 4 (feeling down) and 6 (feeling happy), those with bipolar disorder experience a much wider range of moods, from 0 to 10.

Who Has Bipolar Disorder?

Bipolar disorder affects individuals of all ages and backgrounds. Symptoms usually become noticeable in teenagers and young adults. Research indicates that nearly 50% of people who get it, experience symptoms before the age of 21. Studies have shown that younger people are more likely to screen positive for bipolar disorder than older people.

How Many People Have Bipolar Disorder?

Globally, it is estimated that between 1% and 5% of people have bipolar disorder. In the UK, over 1 million people live with the condition, which is roughly 30% more than those with dementia and twice the number of those with schizophrenia.

Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder symptoms are categorised based on mood episodes, which can be depressive, hypomanic, manic, or mixed.

Depression (Mood Scale 0-3):

• Suicidal thinking (0, 1)
• Depression (2, 3)
• Symptoms: Hopelessness, fatigue, worthlessness, lack of interest in activities, changes in sleep and appetite, and suicidal thoughts.

Hypomania (Mood Scale 7-8):

• Energetic, happy, confident, creative, irritable, and distracted.
• Symptoms: Talking a lot, being very friendly, reduced sleep, and increased productivity.

Mania (Mood Scale 9-10):

• Euphoric, very excited, extremely confident, more sexually aroused, and irritable.
• Symptoms: Talking quickly, making impulsive decisions, reckless spending, inappropriate behaviour, and little need for sleep. Severe mania can lead to psychosis.

Mixed State:

• Symptoms of depression and hypomania or mania occurring simultaneously.

At the extreme ends of the Mood Scale, individuals may experience psychosis, involving hallucinations, extreme paranoia, and delusions.

Personal Anecdotes

In this video by mind.org.uk Joe, Laura, and Steve, who all have lived experiences with bipolar disorder, shared their insights during a recent discussion.

Joe emphasised the invisible nature of the illness: “It’s an illness. It really is an illness. People can see if you’ve got a broken leg. But you can’t see what’s in your mind and in my opinion, it can be worse.”

Laura described her fluctuating mood patterns: “For a while I used to get maybe kind of two or three episodes a year where I’d have maybe an episode of hypomania that lasted a couple of weeks, and then that was followed by a sort of episode of depression that would last a couple of weeks as well.”

Steve spoke about the deceptive onset of manic episodes: “I wouldn’t even know that I’m actually becoming manic. It might be just thinking that I can push the envelope a bit here, I can spend a bit more money, I can go out another night, you know, I can work until three or four o’clock in the morning.”

They all agreed on the importance of having a support network. Joe noted, “If you’ve got that network of people around you who can support you, particularly when you’re depressed, it’s so important.”

What Causes Bipolar Disorder?

Bipolar disorder is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Studies on twins suggest that bipolar disorder is primarily genetic. If one identical twin has bipolar disorder, the other twin has a 70% chance of developing it. No single gene is responsible, but a collection of over 100,000 genes associated with schizophrenia, anxiety, and depression are implicated.

Environmental factors, such as exposure to adversity at a young age, can also play a role. This exposure might be due to unmanaged bipolar symptoms in a parent, leading to a higher risk for the child.

Types of Bipolar Disorder

The type of bipolar disorder affects the severity and types of mood episodes experienced:

• Type 1: Characterised by episodes of depression, hypomania, and mania.
• Type 2: Involves long periods of depression and hypomania without full-blown mania.
• Cyclothymia: A milder form of bipolar disorder with periods of depression and elevated mood lasting at least two years.

The Impact of Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder can have a profound impact on the lives of those affected and their loved ones. During manic and depressive episodes, individuals may engage in behaviours they later regret, such as reckless spending, making mistakes at work, or damaging relationships. This can lead to feelings of guilt, shame, and frustration, further exacerbating the condition.

However, a diagnosis of bipolar disorder opens the door to effective treatment, support, and self-management strategies. With proper treatment, individuals with bipolar disorder can manage their symptoms, maintain a balanced mood, and live fulfilling lives.

Living with Bipolar Disorder

Managing bipolar disorder involves recognising triggers, adhering to treatment plans, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Support from healthcare professionals, as well as self-help and peer support groups, can provide valuable assistance in navigating the challenges of living with bipolar disorder.

As Laura shared, “One of those [tools] is definitely my medication. I’ve also had CBT in the past year and that again I think is a really kind of important sort of tool.” Steve and Joe echoed the sentiment, highlighting the importance of routine and staying busy.

Misconceptions about Bipolar Disorder

There are many misconceptions about bipolar disorder that contribute to stigma and misunderstanding. One common misconception is that people with bipolar disorder are always either extremely manic or deeply depressed. However, as Laura pointed out, “You can be manic but not be really happy. You can feel really agitated and really kind of frustrated.”

Another prevalent misconception is that individuals with bipolar disorder are inherently violent. In reality, the vast majority of people with bipolar disorder are not violent and are more likely to be victims of violence. The stigma surrounding mental health can make it harder for individuals to seek help and support.

Causes of Bipolar Disorder

The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and biochemical factors.

Genetics:

• Bipolar disorder tends to run in families. If you have a parent or sibling with the illness, you are more likely to develop it yourself. Studies on twins have shown that if one identical twin has bipolar disorder, the other twin has about a 50% chance of having it too.

Environmental Factors:

• Stressful life events, such as the death of a loved one, divorce, or job loss, can trigger episodes of bipolar disorder. Childhood trauma, including abuse or neglect, is also linked to an increased risk of developing the condition.

Biochemical Factors:

• Differences in brain chemistry and structure may play a role in the development of bipolar disorder. Studies have shown that neurotransmitters, which are chemicals responsible for transmitting signals in the brain, function differently in people with bipolar disorder.

The Complicated Relationship with Drugs and Alcohol

The relationship between bipolar disorder and substance use is complex. Some individuals with bipolar disorder may use drugs or alcohol to cope with their symptoms, but this can exacerbate the condition.

Drug Use:

• Heavy use of cannabis and other substances can increase the risk of developing bipolar disorder. Some drugs can trigger or worsen mood episodes, leading to a vicious cycle of substance abuse and mental health issues.

Self-Medication:

• Individuals may turn to drugs or alcohol to manage their symptoms, but this can lead to dependence and further complications. It’s important to seek professional help to manage both bipolar disorder and any substance use issues.

Research and Progress in Bipolar Disorder

Research into bipolar disorder is ongoing, with many institutions focusing on understanding the underlying causes and developing better treatments.

The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN) at King’s College London:

• Researchers at IoPPN are investigating the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to bipolar disorder. They are also studying the brain’s structure and function to identify biomarkers that could lead to earlier diagnosis and more targeted treatments.

The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute:

• This centre is dedicated to understanding the genetics of bipolar disorder and other psychiatric conditions. Their research aims to identify specific genes associated with the disorder and develop new medications that target these genetic pathways.

Current Progress:

• Advances in neuroimaging have provided insights into the structural and functional abnormalities in the brains of individuals with bipolar disorder. Additionally, new medications and therapeutic approaches are being developed to improve the management of symptoms and overall quality of life for those affected.

Conclusion

Bipolar disorder is a challenging and complex condition that requires comprehensive understanding and management. By recognising the symptoms, understanding the causes, and seeking appropriate treatment, individuals with bipolar disorder can lead fulfilling lives. It is crucial to continue supporting research efforts and to challenge misconceptions to reduce the stigma associated with this mental health condition. If you or someone you know may have bipolar disorder, reaching out to a healthcare professional is the first step towards effective management and recovery.

Recent News

This month, our residents participated in ‘Move It for Mental Health’ week, organised by Mental Health UK.
We encouraged everyone to engage in various activities, to promote mental wellbeing. It was a fantastic opportunity for them to prioritise their mental health and enjoy themselves.

Staff Updates

We would like to congratulate Richard Gregory, our Senior Support Worker, on his promotion to Assistant Team Leader at the Care Home. We also welcomed back Anna Marie Osgod to Serendipity after a year away. Special congratulations to night staff Victoria Hanman for completing her BSc Honours in Psychology after six years of hard work!

We wish our Senior Support Worker, Chloe Morgan, all the best as she embarks on new adventures with her new job role.

Chloe will leave us in June, and we thank her from the bottom of our hearts for her hard work and dedication since Bellwave Drive opened last September.

Working alongside Home Lead Hayley, Chloe has been a great asset to the team, and the residents will miss her dearly. Congratulations on your new role, Chloe, and best wishes for the future!

Bellwave House

Residents at Bellwave House enjoyed various activities and trips over the past month. Besides attending our regular events like pool, choir, and yoga, some residents went shopping in Cardiff with staff support.

Resident GB purchased new furniture and a 65-inch TV for his room! We celebrated Mental Health Awareness Week, focusing on ‘Movement’ this year. To mark the event, staff and residents went to Porthcawl Beach for football and other ball games, enjoying beautiful weather and ice cream.

Bellwave House will welcome new resident PB, coming from Taith Newydd. This transition is a step down from a more secure setting to a community home. PB has already visited, and we look forward to having him live with us.

Additionally, our resident DW will transition to less intensive support at Bellwave Apartments, having made significant progress at Bellwave House.

Bellwave Drive

A lot has been happening at Bellwave Drive over the last month. We warmly welcome our new resident, J, who has settled in well and is already enjoying group activities like beach trips, choir sessions, and pool tournaments.

J is getting along with his co-residents and demonstrating independent skills with weekly shopping and house tasks. Residents at Bellwave Drive have been engaging in numerous activities over the last month. They participated in ‘Move It for Mental Health’ week, enjoying an afternoon at the beach with other projects.

The residents have also been working on their independent skills by baking and preparing their own meals. On days with poor weather, all residents enjoyed movie days. They also participated in a sports day with other projects, and AE has been showcasing her gardening skills at Bellwave Corner.

Bellwave Drive joined Bellwave House for a Sunday BBQ, where everyone enjoyed good food and music. Additionally, Bellwave Drive hosted its first Yoga and Mindfulness Wednesday, led by Registered Manager Mark Davies. This relaxing afternoon in the garden, joined by residents from other projects, was enjoyed by all, leaving everyone feeling zen.

Bellwave Apartments

This month at the apartments, residents have actively participated in various activities, including choir practice, ‘Move It for Mental Health’ on the beach, pool tournaments, and enjoying the garden’s sunshine. Support Worker Dionne Parry has tirelessly planned these activities and encouraged engagement in national celebratory events.

We celebrated National Gardening Week by starting a gardening club, where residents from different projects planted vegetables, fruits, herbs, and flowers. During Deaf Awareness Week, staff and residents learned sign language, with resident DC mastering key phrases like ‘I love you’ and ‘what’s your name.’

Resident VJ enjoyed ‘Move It for Mental Health’ week with beach activities and zen yoga. SD has become the new resident DJ, entertaining with music and dancing, and has signed up for the gym.

ND enjoyed evening walks and participated in the pool tournament. Apartment 1 celebrated National Share a Story Month with crafts, story writing, and baking.

Bellwave Corner

This month at Bellwave Corner, we welcomed new night support workers Andrea Jones and Suzanne Lister. We enjoyed a sunny day trip to Tenby with all five residents, featuring beach walks and ice cream.

MF stayed three nights, enjoying the pool table and arcades. We focused on fitness during ‘Move for Mental Health,’ with beach games and visits to Cats Protection. Choir and gardening groups were successful, and today we’re heading to Newbridge Fields for a football match and picnic, celebrating British Sandwich Week.

Bellwave Cottage

It’s been a great month at the Cottage! We celebrated resident TM’s birthday with cards, presents, and breakfast at Toby’s Carvery. Residents enjoyed beach games for World Mental Health Awareness Week, ending with ice cream.

In the second half of May, we focused on healthy living, with residents reducing sugar intake and engaging in physical activities. Resident MB joined Slimming World, losing 6.5 pounds—congrats! We also had fun taking a group photo, humorously dubbed as Serendipity’s boy band, No Direction.

Introduction

Schizophrenia is one of the most complex and often misunderstood mental disorders. Despite its portrayal in the media, there is a lot more to this condition than what meets the eye. This article aims to delve into the intricacies of schizophrenia, debunk common misconceptions, and provide insight into ongoing research and treatment options.

Definition and Overview

Schizophrenia is a chronic brain disorder that affects about 1 in 100 people in the UK at some point in their lives. It significantly alters how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. Those affected by schizophrenia may seem like they have lost touch with reality. This is, in fact, its defining feature, known clinically as “Psychosis”. It can be distressing for both individuals with schizophrenia and those around them.

Diagnostic Criteria

The latest diagnostic criteria divide the symptoms of schizophrenia into two categories: positive and negative. Positive symptoms are additional behaviours not seen in healthy individuals, such as hallucinations and delusions. Negative symptoms involve a lack of behaviours or abilities that are typically present, such as reduced motivation or emotional expression.

Differences in Presentation

The presentation of schizophrenia can vary widely among individuals. For example, a person might experience auditory hallucinations, such as hearing voices, while another might have visual hallucinations or delusions of grandeur, where they believe they are of significant importance or possess special powers.

What is Similar, but Not Schizophrenia

It is important to differentiate schizophrenia from other conditions, particularly dissociative identity disorder (DID), formerly known as multiple personality disorder. DID involves a person having two or more distinct identities or personality states, which is not a feature of schizophrenia.

Common Misconceptions

Multiple Personality Disorder

One of the most pervasive misconceptions is that schizophrenia involves multiple personalities. This confusion often stems from media portrayals but is inaccurate. Schizophrenia is characterised by a fragmented thinking process and a disconnection from reality, not the presence of multiple distinct personalities.

Violence and Schizophrenia

Likewise, there is a mistaken belief that people with schizophrenia are dangerous. The truth is that the vast majority of individuals with schizophrenia will never be violent. In fact, they are far more likely to be victims of violence rather than perpetrators. Studies show that people with schizophrenia are at a greater risk of being attacked or harmed than the general population. 

This misconception is often fueled by sensationalised media portrayals, which disproportionately highlight the rare instances of violence associated with the disorder. Understanding this helps in reducing the stigma and promoting a more compassionate view of those living with schizophrenia.

Real life Cases

One compelling personal story comes from Elyn Saks, a woman diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia who has managed to defy the grim prognosis given to her. Despite spending hundreds of days in psychiatric hospitals and facing severe psychotic episodes, Saks became a chaired professor at the University of Southern California’s Gould School of Law. 

Her journey highlights the potential for individuals with schizophrenia to lead fulfilling and successful lives, given the right treatment and support. Saks attributes her stability to excellent psychoanalytic therapy, effective medication, a strong support network of family and friends, and a highly supportive work environment. This underscores the critical importance of comprehensive care and social support in managing schizophrenia.

Saks’ experiences also shed light on the misconceptions and stigma surrounding schizophrenia. She vividly describes the terror of her psychotic episodes, such as believing she had caused mass deaths with her thoughts or fearing imminent nuclear explosions in her brain. These personal accounts illustrate the intense distress that can accompany the disorder. 

Saks advocates for non-coercive, compassionate treatment approaches, arguing against the use of force in psychiatric care. Her story serves as a powerful reminder that people with schizophrenia are more than their diagnosis—they are individuals with hopes, dreams, and the potential to achieve great things.

If you’d like to see her full TED talk, we would highly recommend it, you can find it here.

It’s also important to recognise that a much more bleak and unfortunate outcome can often be the reality for individuals with schizophrenia. Someone who is suffering from a particularly 

Hollywood Portrayal

Hollywood has contributed significantly to the misconceptions about schizophrenia. Movies and TV shows often dramatise the condition, focusing on the more sensational aspects like violence and unpredictability. This has led to a skewed public perception, overshadowing the everyday realities and struggles of those living with the disorder.

Causes of Schizophrenia

The exact cause of schizophrenia remains unknown and is likely to differ from person to person. Researchers believe that a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychosocial factors contribute to the development of the disorder. Understanding these factors can provide insight into the complex nature of schizophrenia.

Genetics

Genetic factors play a significant role in the likelihood of developing schizophrenia. If someone in your family has schizophrenia, your risk of developing the condition increases to about one in ten. Studies on twins have shown that if one identical twin has schizophrenia, the other twin has a roughly 50% chance of developing it. Non-identical twins, who share a different genetic makeup, have a slightly higher risk than any other sibling if one of them has schizophrenia. This indicates a strong genetic component, although it is not the sole determinant.

Childhood Trauma and Stressful Life Events

Experiences of extreme stress during childhood, such as abuse or neglect, can increase the likelihood of developing schizophrenia. Similarly, significant stressful life events, like losing a loved one, becoming homeless, or being unemployed, can trigger the onset of the disorder. These stressors can exacerbate underlying vulnerabilities, leading to the development or worsening of symptoms.

Differences in Brain Chemistry

Research has shown that brain chemistry, particularly the functioning of neurotransmitters like dopamine, differs in individuals with schizophrenia. Antipsychotic medications, which help manage the symptoms of schizophrenia, work by correcting these chemical imbalances. However, the exact nature of these differences and how they contribute to schizophrenia is still being studied.

Brain Damage

Brain scans reveal that some people with schizophrenia have structural differences in their brains, although this is not universal. These differences may result from complications during birth, such as lack of oxygen, or viral infections during early pregnancy, which can impact brain development.

The Complicated Relationship with Drugs and Alcohol

Drug Use and Schizophrenia

The relationship between drug use and schizophrenia is complex. While it is clear that drug and alcohol use can exacerbate symptoms and interfere with treatment, the role of substances like cannabis in causing schizophrenia is still being studied. Heavy cannabis use, especially during the teenage years, has been associated with an increased risk of developing schizophrenia. Stronger forms of cannabis, such as skunk, may further elevate this risk. Amphetamines can induce psychotic symptoms that typically subside when the drug use stops, but they might trigger long-term illness in genetically predisposed individuals.

Self-Medication and Symptom Management

Some individuals may turn to drugs or alcohol to cope with the early symptoms of schizophrenia, such as anxiety or depression. However, this self-medication can worsen the condition and complicate treatment. Substance use can lead to heightened delusions and hallucinations, making the disorder more challenging to manage. Therefore, addressing drug and alcohol use is a critical component of treating schizophrenia effectively.

Summary of Causes

Schizophrenia is a multifaceted disorder influenced by genetic predisposition, environmental stressors, brain chemistry, and sometimes substance use. While we do not fully understand all the causes, recognising these factors can help in developing more effective treatments and support systems. Early intervention, comprehensive care, and addressing co-occurring substance use are essential steps in managing schizophrenia and improving the quality of life for those affected.

Ongoing Research

Research into schizophrenia is ongoing, with scientists exploring various aspects of the disorder to better understand its causes and develop more effective treatments. One prominent institution focusing on schizophrenia research is the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN) at King’s College London. Their research covers a broad range of areas, including genetic studies, neuroimaging, and the development of new therapeutic approaches.

Genetic Studies

Researchers at IoPPN are investigating the genetic factors that contribute to schizophrenia. By studying the DNA of individuals with the disorder and comparing it to those without, scientists hope to identify specific genes associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia. Understanding these genetic links can help in predicting who might be at risk and in developing targeted interventions.

Neuroimaging

Neuroimaging techniques, such as MRI and PET scans, are used to study the brain structures and functions of people with schizophrenia. These studies aim to identify abnormalities in brain regions and neurotransmitter systems involved in the disorder. Recent advancements have allowed researchers to map the brain more precisely, leading to better insights into how schizophrenia affects brain activity and connectivity.

New Therapeutic Approaches

In addition to genetic and neuroimaging studies, IoPPN is also involved in developing new therapeutic approaches. This includes researching new medications that can more effectively manage symptoms with fewer side effects. There is also a focus on non-pharmacological treatments, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which has shown promise in helping individuals manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.

Progress and Future Directions

Significant progress has been made in understanding the biological underpinnings of schizophrenia. For instance, researchers have identified several genetic variants associated with the disorder and have mapped key brain regions that are affected. These discoveries are paving the way for the development of more precise treatments.

Looking forward, the goal is to create personalised treatment plans based on an individual’s genetic profile and specific brain abnormalities. This personalised approach could lead to more effective management of schizophrenia, reducing the trial-and-error process often involved in finding the right treatment.

What to Do If You Suspect Someone May Be Schizophrenic

If you suspect someone you know may be suffering from schizophrenia, it is important not to attempt to diagnose them yourself. Encourage them to seek help from a mental health professional who can provide an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Early intervention can make a significant difference in managing the condition.

Please don’t think that just because someone has been “normal” all the time that you’ve known them that they can’t be schizophrenic. That’s one of the more insidious features of this disease, is its apparent suddenness. It can really take people by surprise, as with many diseases. Again, early intervention can make a significant difference in management of and recovery from schizophrenia. The outlook for individuals who are treated with the appropriate interventions at the right time is very good. Many will go on to live successful, fulfilling lives. 

Recent News

Serendipity is proud to announce that our rating from the most recent audit has come through and we received the highest grading! We would like to thank our managers and all our team for their contributions toward making this happen. Through the quality of care we provide, we hope to continue hitting these targets.

Staff News

Another big congratulations to 2 of our Employee of the Quarter winners, Amanda Daniel and Victoria Hanman!

Here are some words from their colleagues: “Victoria puts the residents needs first and she goes above and beyond her duties” “Amanda is always happy to help, no task if ever too big or too small, she has a heart of gold and a beautiful person inside and out.”

Victoria Hanman

Amanda Daniel

Absolutely wonderful, we love to hear such positive and supportive feedback from the team.

Dan Ring has become our NEW Team Leader Congratulations, Dan! This new role, reinforces our leadership structure in Bellwave House. With the Registered Manager, Mark Davies, overseeing Bellwave Drive, this ensures adequate leadership across our facilities and supports future expansion. Mark Davies retains regulatory responsibility for both sites, maintaining significant involvement in both services.

Bellwave House

Residents at Bellwave Drive have been actively engaged in a diverse range of events and activities throughout the past month. Our established activity program now includes choir sessions and pool tournaments. Additionally, some residents joined the ‘walk for autism’ fundraiser, which successfully raised over £600 for Autism Awareness. Dressed in vibrant colors, we paraded through Porthcawl, pausing midway for a well-deserved break with coffee and ice cream.

The pleasant weather added to the enjoyment of the day, and everyone had a wonderful time while contributing significantly to the cause.

In other news, DW, a resident at Bellwave House, is currently in the process of transitioning from Residential Care to supported living with Serendipity. DW has made remarkable progress since joining Bellwave House, having previously received care at Cefn Yr Afon rehabilitation centre. The multidisciplinary team (MDT) has unanimously agreed that DW is ready for this next step toward independence. DW is eagerly looking forward to this new chapter, filled with anticipation and excitement.

Bellwave Corner

Bellwave Corner has kicked off its summer gardening efforts. We recently visited the garden centre in Pyle with IW, who assisted us in selecting items for our garden. Currently, we’ve planted potatoes and garlic, with MF lending a hand. This is just the beginning of our gardening project, and we aim to involve everyone in our weekly gardening clubs, NW helped conduct interviews for a new support worker, and he thoroughly enjoyed participating. He asked numerous questions and shared information about himself and our home.

NW shared positive remarks, saying, “The staff are lovely, and I like where I live.” MF is just four pounds away from losing a stone since starting Slimming World. MF mentioned that he’ll receive a certificate and a gold star from Slimming World upon reaching this milestone. He’s staying active by going on long walks, such as the Autism Awareness walk, where he covered over 9000 steps! Impressive!

MF is also eagerly anticipating his holiday to Tenby on the 10th of May and plans to do some clothes shopping for new holiday attire beforehand. MF, JK, and NW are still thoroughly enjoying the weekly pool tournaments. They’re all determined to clinch the trophy!

Bellave Apartments

Bellwave Apartments proudly congratulates Nadine Stevenson on her new role as Senior for the downstairs floor. With over a year of experience, Nadine’s journey from a support worker at Bellwave Corner in South Cornelly exemplifies her dedication.

While her departure saddens the team and residents at Bellwave Corner, we’re thrilled to witness her career advancement within the company. A warm welcome goes out to our three new Support Workers: Mark Williams, Naomi Fatuga, and Emily Middleton. Having completed their inductions, they’re currently shadowing experienced staff members, eager to embark on their Serendipity careers.

Happy birthday wishes are extended to Katie, our Home Lead, and to our resident JVT, who celebrated his 62nd birthday with a small party. We kicked off the month with a successful coffee morning and quiz, appreciating the staff and individuals who participated. Easter brought arts, crafts, and baking events.

As April embraced sunnier days, residents and staff seized the opportunity to tidy the garden for vegetable and flower planting during our weekly gardening group. VJ and JVT enjoyed leisurely walks and duck feeding at Margam Park.

Our choir group received a warm reception, with special thanks to SD of the Apartments for generously donating a spare microphone and amplifier. An event raising awareness for Bipolar disorder was held, providing valuable information to staff and residents.

Amidst these activities, walks in nearby nature reserves continue to be a favourite pastime. VJ is a regular at the weekly pool tournaments in Porthcawl. Additionally, we’ve converted the old office room upstairs into a bedroom, eagerly anticipating the arrival of a new resident to our home.

Bellwave Cottage

It’s been a relatively peaceful period at the Cottage, save for a series of storms that caused inconvenience for one resident seeking outdoor relaxation. In response, we acquired a new smoking shelter, a task almost as challenging as weathering the storms themselves.

With resident support, the shelter now stands assembled and in full use. A respite from the inclement weather enabled a group from the Cottage to venture to Mumbles, indulging in local attractions and a seaside lunch. Here’s to hoping for brighter skies in the weeks ahead to facilitate more outings.

Introduction

April is National Stress Awareness Month, in the UK. Stress Awareness Month has been held every April since 1992 in order to bring awareness to the affects, causes and cures for stress in modern times. 

As we observe National Stress Awareness Month, understanding and managing stress is crucial, not just for general well-being but particularly for its profound impact on mental health.

In this article, we explore how stress impacts mental health, particularly for those with existing conditions, examining its biological effects and its role in therapeutic processes.

What is Stress?

Stress is best understood as a state of being that encompasses both physical and psychological responses. We often perceive stress as a mental state, but it primarily begins with a physical response, involving hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, as well as various neurotransmitters. These biochemical changes affect various bodily systems, from our gut health to our cognitive focus.

So rather than saying that stress is a feeling or an emotion, we can more accurately say that stress is a state of being that affects our feelings and emotions.

The Function of Stress

Stress heightens our alertness, energises our muscles for quick action, and prioritises energy for vital functions—known as the ‘Fight, Flight, Freeze’ response. While this is crucial in survival situations, in the absence of an immediate physical threat, it becomes counterproductive, interfering with our ability to focus on tasks and manage daily activities effectively.

As we’ve adapted to our environment over thousands of years and particularly the last few hundred, we’ve removed so many threats and dangers from our everyday lives. This is obviously something we can be very grateful for, but it’s also made stress less of a protective force and more of a negative force that causes distress and even harm.

Is Stress Always Bad?

Not at all, stress can have a positive effect too. For example, if you’re trying to build muscle by lifting weights, you’re stressing your body. Lifting weights causes very small tears in your muscle fibres, which results in your body adapting to the stress and increasing your ability to resist that muscle damage in the future—until you increase the weight again, of course.

This kind of controlled stress is what allows us to become resilient to the stressors we’re being exposed to. Our immune systems work in a similar way.

Where stress becomes harmful is in the hormones that are released into the body during a stress response. Our bodies aren’t designed to function with these hormones—primarily adrenaline (epinephrine) and cortisol—circulating for extended periods. Short bursts can be advantageous; for instance, adrenaline is useful when running the hundred-yard dash but not so much if you’re performing heart surgery.

When our bodies are exposed to these hormones for extended durations and with some regularity, they can cause widespread issues. Prolonged exposure to cortisol can suppress immune function, increase susceptibility to infections, and contribute to weight gain and heart disease. Similarly, chronic high levels of adrenaline can increase the risk of cardiovascular problems like hypertension and heart attacks.

Stress and Mental Health

Now that we understand the basics of stress, we can look at how it directly affects those who live with existing mental health conditions.

Stress can disrupt the progress of individuals who are seeking to improve their mental health. To explain why that is, it’s important to understand what’s going on in the brain while that improvement is taking place.

Mental health is a huge topic, so we’re going to simplify things a bit in the interest of getting to the point. 

Mental health issues arise from diverse causes and can manifest in numerous ways, whether they’re congenital or developed over time due to various factors. What remains consistent is the fact that these mental health conditions adversely affect an individual’s ability to live comfortably and engage with the world optimally.

While therapeutic interventions vary, most of them share a common goal: to shift from maladaptive patterns of thinking and behaviour to those that enhance one’s ability to deal with life’s challenges and experience its joys.

Improving Mental Health

Getting from a state of poor mental health to a state of improved mental health, is often a difficult undertaking. If a particular mental health condition has been persistent for some time, then it becomes even harder. What needs to happen in the brain in order to promote lasting change is very demanding on our mental energy resources.

One of these necessary, but energy consuming tasks is the creation of new neural connections. You can think of neural connections as patterns and pathways that exist in and between brain systems, which dictate how we respond to the world around us. When these connections are maladaptive, individuals can experience the world more negatively. 

Consider someone with claustrophobia who is asked to get into an elevator. Their brain has reinforced neural connections that perceive enclosed spaces as threats. The intense fear response they experience is biologically normal, the brain really does believe that the elevator is a threat to its survival. It’s a normal response, but maladaptive in safe environments. Overcoming such deeply ingrained fears requires gradually rewiring these connections, which is a difficult and energy consuming task. 

Stress as a Barrier

So change is possible, but it isn’t easy, which is where stress comes back into the picture. Changing patterns of thought and behaviour is in itself, stressful. However it is a concentrated and focussed effort that means individuals can persevere through the discomfort and create those new neural connections, leading them toward a new default mental state and better mental health. 

Stress from the outside world adds extra difficulty to the process of improving mental health. Sometimes it can be enough to cause setbacks and affect progress. It’s so important to be able to recognise when we are stressed, what our stressors are and how to mediate or eliminate them where possible.

Recognising Stress

Knowing what kind of effects stress can have on the already difficult task of improving mental health is important, and sets up the need to know how to manage stress effectively.

There are many stress management techniques out there, we’ll take a look at a few of them in a moment. The first thing to understand is when we are actually feeling stressed. Oftentimes stress can build up undetected as a result of small disappointments, frustrations and misfortune. 

There is the obvious stress that comes on rapidly, for example, blowing a tire on the motorway when you’re already running late for an important job interview. But this less obvious type of stress that builds up, can make itself harder to detect and often our bodies are operating in a state of stress before our mind has realised it.

Here are some signs your body is actually in a state of stress that you may not immediately notice:

Physical Symptoms: These can include headaches, muscle tension or pain, fatigue, and changes in sleep patterns. Stress can also manifest through stomach upset or changes in appetite.

Emotional Responses: Feelings of anxiety, irritability, or depression are common emotional responses to stress. You might find yourself feeling overwhelmed or having a sense of losing control.

Behavioural Changes: Stress can lead to changes in behaviour, such as withdrawing from social activities, changes in eating habits, increased use of alcohol or drugs, and exhibiting nervous behaviours like nail-biting.

Cognitive Effects: Difficulty concentrating, racing thoughts, constant worrying, and indecisiveness are cognitive signs of stress. These can affect your ability to make decisions and impact your productivity.

If you feel any combination of these, it is worth pausing a moment and asking yourself the question “am I stressed”. Remember that this stress state affects everything you feel and do in some way. If you can address and ease this state, you might find improvement in areas you didn’t even realise needed it.

Managing Stress

Once you recognise the signs of stress, you can employ various techniques to manage it effectively. Thanks to a concept known as “biofeedback”, we can kind of “hack” our brain’s stress response by convincing it that it’s safe. This conscious effort to replicate the state of calm our brains naturally produce when they’re at ease, is the key to a short term cure for stress. Here are some examples:

Short Term Stress Management

Box Breathing: Also known as square breathing, this technique involves breathing in for four counts, holding the breath for four counts, exhaling for four counts, and then holding again for four counts. This method helps regulate the nervous system and can calm the mind quickly.

Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR): This involves tensing each muscle group in the body tightly, but not to the point of strain, and then releasing the tension. This exercise helps focus on the difference between physical tension and relaxation, which can signal the brain to relax.

Mindful Walking: This can be particularly effective if you feel confined or restless. Focus on each step, the movement of your legs, the touch of your feet on the ground, and the rhythm of your breath. This can ground your thoughts in the present moment and reduce stress.

Guided Imagery: This technique involves closing your eyes and imagining a peaceful scene or setting. This visual mental escape can reduce muscle tension and lower stress in the body by promoting relaxation.

Deep Diaphragmatic Breathing: This involves deep, even breaths from the diaphragm rather than shallow breaths from the chest. This type of breathing can help reset the stress response system by stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system, which promotes relaxation.

Long term Stress Management

The best approach is prevention. By building resilience to external stressors and preempting the brain’s tendency to become stressed, we can weaken stress’s influence and enhance our capacity to manage it effectively.

Here are some techniques to incorporate into your daily life, even just one of these will be a tremendous help if applied consistently:

Regular Exercise: Physical activity can help reduce stress by producing endorphins, chemicals in the brain that act as natural painkillers and mood elevators. It also helps you get better sleep, which can be negatively affected by stress.

Mindfulness and Meditation: Practices like mindfulness meditation can reduce stress and improve your overall mental health. These techniques help you focus on the present moment and can provide a calming effect on your mind and body. Try sitting comfortably, placing one hand on your belly and the other on your chest, breathing deeply and focusing on the sensation of your hand being moved by your body.

There is no shortage of resources on mindfulness!

Time Management: Effective time management can help reduce stress by making daily tasks less daunting and more manageable. Prioritising tasks, setting realistic goals, and taking breaks can help manage workload and reduce stress. Try starting with a daily planner, then work your way up to planning your weeks.

Healthy Social Interactions: Engaging in social activities can improve your mood and distract you from stressors. Talking to someone about how you feel can also release built-up tension and provide new perspectives on stressful situations. Finding a club for an existing hobby is a great way to talk to people you already have something in common with.

Professional Help: If stress becomes overwhelming and persistent, it may be helpful to speak to a professional. Psychologists or counsellors can offer strategies to manage stress effectively and help you deal with underlying issues that may be contributing to your stress.

Conclusion

As we conclude this exploration during National Stress Awareness Month, it’s clear that stress, while often perceived negatively, plays a complex role in our lives. Understanding how stress functions biologically and its impact on our mental health is crucial, not just for those with existing mental health conditions but for anyone interested in maintaining psychological well-being. While stress can sometimes be a catalyst for growth, it often presents significant challenges that can impede progress in managing mental health conditions.

Effective stress management involves recognizing stress signals early, employing both short-term techniques to alleviate immediate stress and long-term strategies to build resilience. Whether through mindfulness practices, physical exercise, or professional guidance, learning to manage stress is an invaluable skill that can significantly enhance our quality of life.

Congratulations

Bellwave Apartments would like to congratulate Katie Bethell who has accepted the position of Home Lead for the downstairs floor of the Apartments. Katie has worked for the company for a number of years and has gained experience as a support worker, senior support worker and now feels she is ready for the next step in her career.

Employees of the Quarter

And another big congratulations to 2 of our Employee of the Quarter winners, Alisha Biston and Claire Walters. Alisha is known to regularly go above and beyond her role. Claire’s dedication to her role and willingness to go the extra mile has seen her become a core member of the Dom Care team. 

Bellwave House

At Bellwave House, residents have been fully immersed in the excitement of the 6 Nations rugby tournament, cheering on Wales with great enthusiasm. Despite the outcomes, the spirit of togetherness during the matches has been a highlight. 

The Bellwave Choir has been a lovely addition to our activities, with many residents participating. The joy of singing together has made this a much-anticipated regular event. 

Our culinary and performance skills were showcased in the Great Bellwave Bake-off and Bellwave’sGot Talent. Resident GB stole the show in the talent competition with a captivating dance routine. 

Weekly pool games have become a crowd favorite, bringing together residents from all services for some friendly competition. As the weather begins to brighten, we’re looking forward to more outdoor walks, embracing the beautiful surroundings of Porthcawl. In a wonderful example of co-production, resident DW has taken on the role of Activity Coordinator at Bellwave House, leading activities for and by our residents.

Bellwave Corner

On March 20th, 2024, we marked the first anniversary of Bellwave Corner’s opening with a vibrant talent show. GB dazzled everyone with his dance moves, clinching first place. Home Lead Efa Petrou’s poetic prowess earned her second place, while ND’s cool dance moves secured third. 

St. David’s Day was celebrated with homemade Welsh cakes and themed activities like word searches, coloring, and a Welsh quiz. JK and NW have been enjoying pool tournaments at the Brogden with residents from other homes, and MF has recently joined in, discovering a passion for pool. 

MF is eagerly anticipating his holiday to Tenby next month, a trip organized with the help of our staff. He’s also excited about getting a new tattoo in June. On March 3rd, 2024, MF enjoyed a sunny stroll on Porthcawl beach, indulging in a secret ice cream and admiring some cool motorbikes. During the Wales vs. Italy game, all residents at Bellwave Corner relished some pizza, adding to the enjoyment of the match.

Bellwave Drive

At Bellwave Drive, our residents have been actively participating in a variety of events and activities. The excitement of the 6 Nations rugby tournament brought residents and staff together, with everyone enjoying the camaraderie despite Wales’s performance this year. 

Our house even hosted some of these events, welcoming residents from other schemes to join in the fun. In our residents’ corner, we’re pleased to share that PM has been settling in well at Bellwave Drive after moving from Bellwave House. This transition marks a significant milestone for PM, who had lived at Bellwave House for several years. 

PM is now embracing independence, preparing his own meals, managing his shopping, and maintaining a clean room. We’re proud of PM’s progress and achievements!

Bellwave Apartments

In March 2024, the staff and residents at Bellwave Apartments began making the most of the improving weather with several walks in nearby nature reserves. The residents have also been participating in the group pool tournaments every Thursday in Porthcawl, with resident SD showcasing his new bicycles. 

The Bellwave Choir group’s visit to the Bellwave Apartments was a highlight of the month, and we extend our gratitude to everyone who attended from other homes. Additionally, the Easter coffee morning and quiz were well-received, and we thank all participants for their involvement. Steve continues his dedicated volunteer work at Theo’s in Kenfig Hill every Friday and Saturday. 

Our residents have also been enjoying social outings, including shopping trips to Cardiff, Porthcawl, and other local areas, further enhancing their community engagement and enjoyment of the season.